The simplest way to describe carbohydrate is to say
that it is any portion of food which upon digestion will
be broken down into glucose. This means all food that
contains any form of sugar, or starch are carbohydrates.
Natural foods contain sugar in three forms, glucose,
fructose or sucrose. However, by far, most of it is sucrose
which is one molecule of glucose joined to one molecule of
fructose. Except for fruit, most natural carbohydrate foods
do not actually contain any sugar, instead they contain
starch. Starch is sugar that has been changed in form so
that it can be stored.
Starch is formed when one molecule of water is
removed from between two sugar molecules. This joins
them together into one unit of what is called starch. The
reason Nature converts most sugar into starch is because it
is more compact and stable than sugar, and this makes it
easier to store food with less chance of loss.
Virtually all fruit (except avocados) are carbohydrate
food. The more solid fruits such as apples and pears are
more starch than sugar, while those with more juice than
solids are mostly sugar with only a small amount of starch.
Vegetables only contain modest amounts of sugar and
are mostly starch. Grains contain no sugar and are mostly
starch. The fruits, vegetables and grains thus constitute what
are called natural complex carbohydrate foods.
Fruit, vegetables and grains are called complex
carbohydrate foods because they also contain various
amounts of protein, fat and fiber. These foods digest slowly
and release their glucose content steadily without upsetting
the blood sugar and this allows the body plenty of time to
adjust and use the glucose effectively.
When these same foods are treated by the food
processing plants they remove most, if not all of the
protein, fat and fiber, leaving only the sugar and starch.
Stripped of virtually all the protein, fat and fiber we now
have naked sugar and starch foods which are very simple
to digest, taking only minutes for the body to convert to
glucose, and this is why they are called “simple”
carbohydrates. Ref. 9
In their most basic form, simple carbohydrate foods
are foods which are man made from mostly sugar and/or
flour. Soda pop with six or seven teaspoons of pure sugar
per glass is a prime example. Cold cereals, crackers, bread,
buns, rolls, cakes, doughnuts, cookies, pies, potato chips,
corn chips, pasta, spaghetti and candy, as well as jam, jelly,
milk shakes, fruit juices and similar foods are all examples
of simple carbohydrate foods. These foods are not bad for
you if you only eat small amounts once in a great while. It
is when you eat a lot of them all of the time like teens
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